No War, No Negotiation!

Compared to 1401 (2022-2023), Iran's economic climate in 1402 exhibited greater stability and reduced volatility. While the latter half of the year witnessed heightened regional tensions, the currency market remained relatively calm despite a 30% depreciation in the final quarter. This stability was achieved through government‘s over expenditure of its revenues, and putting pressure on banks by increasing the interest rates. However, this approach came at the expense of a stagnant business environment for industries and companies.
After years of declining foreign exchange reserves due to sanctions, positive developments emerged at the beginning of 1402. These included increased oil revenue, and the release of Iranian funds held in South Korea. While inflationary pressures persisted, these developments provided temporary relief and postponed further escalation.

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